Over the past two decades, research has documented that a broad range of negative outcomes are associated with the two ACEs: Adverse Childhood Experiences (e.g., child maltreatment) and Adverse Community Environments (e.g., discrimination, community violence). The pandemic and the deaths of George Floyd, Rayshard Brooks, and others has further highlighted profound racial disparities and unresolved issues of systemic racism in this country. In this lecture, the broad range of negative mental and physical health outcomes associated with the two ACEs are reviewed, and emerging data on the mechanisms by which these experiences ‘get under the skin’ and can be transmitted transgenerationally to confer risk for these outcomes are discussed. Key factors for promoting resilience and recovery will then be delineated, together with specific policy and practice recommendations.